CVE-2025-46419 (High) — DoS via ESP Packet in Westermo WeOS 5 CyberDudeBivash Alert

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Executive Summary

  • Vulnerability: CVE-2025-46419 is a denial-of-service flaw in Westermo WeOS 5 network operating system. A malicious, specially crafted ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) packet can cause a device reboot — disrupting network availability.

  • Affected Versions: WeOS versions 5.23.0 and earlier.

  • Impact: Network devices (routers/switches) can be taken down, affecting availability, operations; possible chained attacks (if reboot loops lead to timing adversary windows).

  • Status: High severity. Patches released in versions > 5.23.0. Urgent for industrial, SCADA, telecom, field networks using WeOS devices.

Technical Details

  • Attack vector: Network attacker (or misconfigured peer) sends crafted IPsec ESP packet to WeOS device. Upon processing it, the kernel fails safely, triggering a reboot.

  • Attack prerequisites: ability to send ESP-encrypted or malformed ESP packet; possibly knowledge of device IP and open IPsec endpoint.

  • Not remote code execution, but availability loss, possibly repeated.

  • Adversary lever: ASP-Peer / VPN tunnels or known IPsec endpoints; misconfigured or open endpoints increase risk.

Threat Model & Affected Use Cases

  • Industrial / field networks using WeOS for routing between field sites (SCADA / telemetry).

  • Telecom or network backhaul where WeOS routers are used as edge devices.

  • Organizations using IPsec tunnels to connect remote offices or branches.

  • DMZ / perimeter routers with ESP endpoints exposed.

Detection & Indicators

  • ESP packet logs showing malformed or unexpected parameters (length, checksum, replay issues).

  • Device logs (kernel / OS) showing abrupt reboots, crash events tied to IPsec / ESP processing.

  • System uptime metrics dropping repeatedly; correlation with traffic spikes on IPsec interfaces.

  • Packet captures showing ESP packets from external IPs to WeOS device — verify shape/size anomalies.

Mitigations & Recommended Actions

Immediate Measures

  1. Upgrade WeOS devices to fixed version (> 5.23.0) (check vendor advisory).

  2. Apply access controls: restrict who can send ESP packets (ACLs on IPsec endpoints); limit exposure to trusted peers only.

  3. Monitoring & Alerting: uptime/reboot detection; IPsec endpoint logs; alert when device restarts unexpectedly.

Mid-Term

  • Deploy packet filters / IPS to drop malformed ESP packets (or restrict ESP to known source IPs / peers).

  • Enforce rate-limiting / packet inspection at perimeter; consider using firewalls that validate ESP format.

  • Review and lock down VPN/IPsec configurations; disable any optional or legacy ESP parameter features where vendor allows.

Long Term & Resilience

  • Network redundancy: ensure alternate paths / device failover if critical device rebooted.

  • Firmware monitoring & patch management for network OS devices in SCADA/OT/telecom environments.

  • Incident response playbooks for device availability issues.

Risk & Likelihood

  • Likelihood: moderate to high in networked environments with exposed IPsec endpoints and where patches are delayed.

  • Risk: high for availability, especially mission-critical or field‐deployed devices. Disruption could cascade (if router reboots affect multiple downstream nodes).


#CyberDudeBivash #CVE2025-46419 #WeOS #Westermo #NetworkDoS #ESPvulnerability #OTSecurity #RouterSecurity #ThreatIntel

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