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Executive Summary
A high-severity vulnerability, CVE-2024-58366, has been identified in SurrealDB versions prior to 1.1.1, with a CVSS score of 8.5, posing a significant risk to organizations utilizing this database. The vulnerability allows attackers with scripting privileges to execute code with SurrealDB process privileges, potentially leading to data breaches and system compromise. Immediate patching is required to mitigate this threat, with organizations needing to decide on prioritization and deployment of the patch within the next 72 hours.
Verified Facts
- CVE-2024-58366 is a format string vulnerability in SurrealDB — NVD.
- The vulnerability affects SurrealDB versions prior to 1.1.1 — NVD.
- Attackers with scripting privileges can exploit this vulnerability to execute code with SurrealDB process privileges — NVD.
Threat Classification
The threat type is a vulnerability exploit, specifically a format string vulnerability, affecting the database sector. The geographic scope is global, given the nature of the vulnerability and the potential for remote exploitation. The exploitation status is theoretical, as there is no indication of active exploitation in the wild at the time of publication. The attacker motivation is likely to gain unauthorized access to sensitive data or disrupt database operations, with a (MEDIUM CONFIDENCE) assessment.
Threat Severity Assessment
- Exploitability: HIGH - due to the potential for remote exploitation and the ease of exploiting format string vulnerabilities.
- Scope of impact: HIGH - as the vulnerability can lead to code execution with database process privileges, potentially affecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data.
- Prevalence: MEDIUM - as the vulnerability is specific to SurrealDB and may not be as widely used as other databases, but still poses a significant risk to organizations utilizing this database.
- CVSS score: 8.5, indicating a HIGH severity vulnerability.
Business Impact
The potential business impact of this vulnerability includes operational disruption, as an exploited vulnerability could lead to database downtime or data corruption, resulting in lost productivity and revenue. Additionally, there is a risk of regulatory liability, particularly under GDPR, NIS2, DORA, and SOC 2, with potential penalties ranging from €10 million to 4% of global turnover. The financial exposure class is significant, with potential costs associated with incident response, remediation, and potential legal fees.
Technical Analysis
The attack vector for this vulnerability is through the rquickjs Exception::throw_type function when scripting is enabled. The exploitation chain involves supplying format string sequences in error inputs to read arbitrary memory or execute code with SurrealDB process privileges. The affected component is the SurrealDB database, specifically versions prior to 1.1.1. The root cause or vulnerability class is a format string vulnerability, classified as CWE-134.
CVE Analysis
- CVE ID: CVE-2024-58366.
- Affected product/version: SurrealDB prior to 1.1.1.
- Vulnerability class: CWE-134, format string vulnerability.
- Attack vector: Through the rquickjs Exception::throw_type function when scripting is enabled.
- Authentication requirement: Scripting privileges are required to exploit this vulnerability.
- Patch availability: A patch is available for SurrealDB version 1.1.1 and later.
MITRE ATT&CK Mapping
- Tactic → Technique ID: T1204 - User Execution — The attacker may trick a user into executing a malicious script to exploit the format string vulnerability.
IOC Intelligence
No public IOCs are confirmed at the time of publication. However, defenders should build hunt rules around the following behavioral IOC categories:
- Unusual database query patterns.
- Unexpected changes to database configurations or permissions.
- Anomalous network activity originating from the database server.
- Unexplained changes to system files or binaries on the database server.
Detection Engineering Guidance
SIEM engineers should monitor database logs for unusual query patterns, focusing on error messages that may indicate exploitation attempts. Additionally, monitor system logs for changes to database configurations or permissions, as well as network logs for anomalous traffic originating from the database server. Detection logic should include:
- Database query logs: Monitor for queries containing format string sequences.
- System logs: Monitor for changes to database configurations or permissions.
- Network logs: Monitor for anomalous traffic originating from the database server.
Sigma Rules
title: SurrealDB Format String Vulnerability
id: 123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426655440000
status: test
description: Detects potential exploitation of the SurrealDB format string vulnerability
logsource:
category: database
product: surrealdb
detection:
selection:
query: "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '%s'"
condition: selection
falsepositives:
- Legitimate database queries
tags:
- T1204
level: high
Threat Hunting Queries
- Hypothesis: Unusual database query patterns — Log source: Database query logs, Data source: Query logs.
- Hypothesis: Unexpected changes to database configurations — Log source: System logs, Data source: Configuration change logs.
- Hypothesis: Anomalous network activity — Log source: Network logs, Data source: Traffic logs.
- Hypothesis: Unexplained changes to system files — Log source: System logs, Data source: File system logs.
- Hypothesis: Database error messages indicating exploitation attempts — Log source: Database error logs, Data source: Error logs.
SOC Analyst Playbook
- P0 (immediate): Verify SurrealDB version and apply patch if necessary — Tool: Database management console.
- P1 (urgent): Monitor database logs for unusual query patterns — Tool: SIEM system.
- P2 (same-day): Conduct a thorough review of database configurations and permissions — Tool: Database management console.
Executive Decision Matrix
| Priority | Decision Required | Owner | Timeline |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | Patch approval and deployment | CISO | Within 72 hours |
| Medium | Vendor communication for additional guidance | IT Manager | Within 1 week |
| Low | Regulatory disclosure (if necessary) | Compliance Officer | Within 2 weeks |
Executive Recommendations
- Day 1–7: Apply the patch to all SurrealDB instances and monitor database logs for unusual activity.
- Day 8–30: Conduct a thorough review of database configurations and permissions, and implement additional security measures such as database encryption and access controls.
- Day 31–90: Develop and implement a long-term strategy for database security, including regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing.
MSSP Opportunities
CYBERDUDEBIVASH® SENTINEL APEX recommends that MSSPs prioritize client notification for organizations utilizing SurrealDB, deploy detection rules for unusual database query patterns, and activate threat hunting for potential exploitation attempts. MSSPs should also provide advisory content on patch deployment and additional security measures.
Sentinel APEX Intelligence Correlation
CYBERDUDEBIVASH® SENTINEL APEX detects and correlates this threat class through its live CVE tracking engine, MITRE ATT&CK correlation, and real-time IOC feed integration. Additionally, the Sigma rule library includes rules for detecting format string vulnerabilities, and the threat hunting workbench provides hypotheses for hunting potential exploitation attempts.
Predictive Intelligence
Based on the information provided, it is likely that threat actors will attempt to exploit this vulnerability within the next 30 days, with a (MEDIUM CONFIDENCE) assessment. The next likely move for threat actors is to develop and deploy exploits for this vulnerability, potentially leading to a significant increase in exploitation attempts.
Long-Term Strategic Risk
This specific threat fits into the evolving landscape of database security risks, with a growing trend of vulnerabilities being discovered in database management systems. Over the next 6-18 months, it is likely that we will see an increase in database-specific vulnerabilities, with potential regulatory implications and supply chain risks.
References
- NVD — https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-58366
- CISA — https://www.cisa.gov/
- MITRE ATT&CK — https://attack.mitre.org/
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strings: $smb_pipe = "\\IPC$" $psexec = "PSEXESVC"
condition: all of them
}
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